NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025: Chemistry is the science of matter, its properties, composition, structure, and the changes it undergoes. For Class 12 students enrolled in the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), Chemistry is a vital subject—especially for those pursuing careers in medicine, engineering, pharmacy, biotechnology, and scientific research.
In NIOS, the Chemistry course is designed not only to align with national standards but also to support independent learning. With well-structured modules, practical experiments, and a blend of theory and application, the NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025 prepares students for real-world science and higher education.
Subject Overview: Chemistry in NIOS Class 12
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| Subject Name | Chemistry |
| Subject Code | 313 |
| Level | Senior Secondary (Class 12) |
| Medium | English, Hindi (and regional languages in some centers) |
| Components | Theory + Practical |
| Exam Sessions | April & October 2025 |
| Course Type | Academic |
NIOS provides flexibility to learners while maintaining academic rigor. Chemistry is a core science subject that includes theoretical knowledge, analytical skills, and laboratory experience.
Class 12 Chemistry Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus – Unit-wise Breakdown
The syllabus is divided into multiple Modules that align with key areas of chemical science. Let’s look at the major topics and sub-topics:
Module 1: Solid State and Solutions
1.1 Solid State
- Characteristics of solids
- Amorphous vs crystalline solids
- Unit cells and crystal lattices
- Packing efficiency
- Density of unit cell
- Imperfections in solids
1.2 Solutions
- Types of solutions
- Concentration terms (mole fraction, molarity, etc.)
- Solubility of solids and gases
- Raoult’s Law and vapor pressure
- Colligative properties (Boiling point elevation, Freezing point depression)
- Abnormal molar masses
Learning Outcome: Understand how matter behaves in solid and mixed states and how solutions interact.
Module 2: Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics
2.1 Electrochemistry
- Redox reactions
- Conductance in electrolytic solutions
- Kohlrausch’s Law
- Electrochemical cells (Galvanic and Electrolytic)
- Nernst Equation
- Corrosion
2.2 Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of reaction
- Rate laws and order of reactions
- Integrated rate equations
- Collision theory and Arrhenius equation
Learning Outcome: Analyze how chemical reactions proceed and how electrical energy is generated from them.
Module 3: Surface Chemistry and General Principles of Extraction
3.1 Surface Chemistry
- Adsorption and its types
- Catalysis
- Colloids (Lyophilic & Lyophobic)
- Emulsions and gels
3.2 Principles of Metallurgy
- Occurrence of metals
- Extraction and refining of metals
- Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy
- Alloys and their properties
Learning Outcome: Learn industrial applications and principles of catalysis and metal extraction.
Module 4: The p-Block Elements
- Group 15 elements (Nitrogen family)
- Group 16 (Oxygen family)
- Group 17 (Halogens)
- Group 18 (Noble gases)
- Oxides, oxyacids, and interhalogen compounds
- Anomalous properties of first elements
Learning Outcome: Develop comparative and functional understanding of non-metals and noble gases.
Module 5: The d- and f-Block Elements
- Transition metals and their characteristics
- Lanthanoids and actinoids
- Colour, catalytic properties, and complex formation
- Alloy formation
Learning Outcome: Deepen knowledge of transition metals used in industrial and biochemical applications.
Module 6: Coordination Compounds
- Definitions and types
- Ligands, coordination number, and nomenclature
- Bonding in complexes (VBT and CFT)
- Isomerism
- Applications in medicine and industry
Learning Outcome: Understand the chemistry of complex ions and their roles in real-world processes.
Module 7: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Structure and classification
- Nucleophilic substitution reactions
- Uses and environmental effects
- Aryl halides and their reactivity
Learning Outcome: Apply knowledge in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Module 8: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Structure and classification
- Properties and reactions
- Electrophilic substitution in phenols
- Ether properties and uses
Module 9: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Nomenclature and structures
- Physical and chemical properties
- Nucleophilic addition
- Oxidation and reduction
- Functional group interconversion
Module 10: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
- Amines, cyanides, isocyanides
- Basicity, preparation, and reactions
- Diazonium salts
Module 11: Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins and enzymes
- Vitamins and hormones
- Nucleic acids
Learning Outcome: Appreciate the chemistry of life.
Module 12: Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Types of polymers
- Natural and synthetic polymers
- Drugs and their classification
- Cleansing agents
- Food preservatives
Learning Outcome: Link chemistry to daily use, industrial and health-related fields.
Chemistry Practicals in NIOS (313P)
Practical work is essential for understanding theoretical principles.
Common Practical Topics:
- Qualitative Analysis
- Identification of functional groups in organic compounds
- Analysis of salt mixtures (ions)
- Quantitative Analysis
- Volumetric analysis (acid-base titration)
- Estimation of iron, KMnO₄, etc.
- Basic Laboratory Techniques
- Preparation of standard solution
- Crystallization
- Chromatography
- Project Work
- Investigative experiments
- Chemistry in food, soil, water
Practical Assessment
| Component | Marks |
|---|---|
| Record Book | 5 |
| Viva Voce | 5 |
| Practical Activities | 20 |
| Total | 30 marks |
Theory Exam Pattern
| Section | Type | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| A | Very Short Answer (1 mark) | 5 marks |
| B | Short Answer (2–3 marks) | 15 marks |
| C | Long Answer (5–7 marks) | 30 marks |
| D | Numerical/Reasoning | 20 marks |
| Total | – | 70 marks |
- Practical: 30 marks
→ Grand Total: 100 marks
Preparation Tips for NIOS Class 12 Chemistry
- Read NIOS Textbooks Thoroughly
Focus on each module and activity questions. - Create Flashcards for Reactions
Helps retain equations and mechanisms. - Prepare a Formula Sheet
Especially for physical chemistry chapters. - Practice Previous Year Questions
For understanding the question pattern and marking scheme. - Don’t Ignore Practicals
Submit lab records and prepare for viva. - Revise with NCERT if needed
NIOS and NCERT are compatible; use both for cross-reference.
FAQ about NIOS Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025
Is Chemistry compulsory in NIOS Class 12?
No, it’s optional. You must choose it if you’re pursuing science stream goals.
Can I pass Chemistry without practical marks?
No. You must pass theory and practicals independently.
Is NIOS Chemistry accepted by NEET/JEE?
Yes. NIOS is recognized by MHRD and valid for all national entrance exams.
Can I prepare for Chemistry without coaching?
Yes. With NIOS material, consistent self-study, and practical attendance, you can succeed.
Are there TMAs for Chemistry?
Yes. Tutor Marked Assignments are part of internal assessment and must be submitted.
How many times can I appear if I fail?
Unlimited. You can reappear in the next session or via On-Demand Exams.
What is the passing mark in Chemistry?
Minimum 33% in both theory and practicals.
What are some scoring chapters?
Biomolecules
Polymers
Surface Chemistry
Haloalkanes and Alcohols
Do I need to write reactions in exams?
Yes. Reactions with correct equations and mechanisms fetch marks.
Will Chemistry practicals be at the study center?
Yes. Your AI (Accredited Institute) will schedule practical exams.
Conclusion
Studying Chemistry under NIOS is a rewarding journey. It empowers students to understand nature, industry, health, and technology. The Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025 is structured to provide depth, conceptual clarity, and real-world connection.
If approached with discipline and curiosity, Chemistry can become your strength—not just an exam subject but a door to lifelong scientific thinking.
“Wherever there’s change, there’s chemistry.”
With NIOS, you control the pace, but you must commit to the path. Make the most of the flexible curriculum, practical experiences, and self-learning tools.
Good luck with your Chemistry journey!